Over the past 30 years, a series of authoritative reports. Learn more about the risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngealcancer. Oral cancer most often occurs in people over the age of 40 and affects more than twice as many men as women. A subtype of head and neck cancers is oral cancer oc, which is described as a cancerous growth in the mouth 1. These include taking drugs to suppress the immune system for transplant rejection or to treat immune diseases. For the management of abnormal cervical screening tests and cancer precursors. Risk factors for breast cancer in women iv other factors appeared to have a moderate level of increased risk rr 1.
More than 90% of cases occur in people who are 50 years old or older. Hence, there is a need to reevaluate the changing epidemiological trends. Dec 15, 2017 oral squamous cell carcinomas are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are established risk factors. Tobacco products and alcohol consumption are the two established independent risk factors for oral cancer10 and.
A risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. Risk factors for oral cancer e397 introduction head and neck cancers rank third in most common malig nancies encountered in both genders globally. Sao paulo southeast, curitiba south, and goiania centralwest. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.
The development of oral cancer is a multistep process involving the. Despite recent advances in cancer diagnoses and therapies, the 5. Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control study ncbi. Drinking alcohol raises your risk of getting six kinds of cancer. Oral cancer refers to cancers of the head and neck.
The 2 most important modifiable risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Carcinoma of oral cavity causative and risk factors ecronicon. Discusses how pooled international casecontrolled study data are shedding increasing light not only on the causes of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, but on the impact of avoiding risk factors. In addition, few studies examined risk factors other than alcohol and tobacco, and studies differentiating between subsites were rare. Several risk factors have been well characterized to be associated with oral cancer with substantial evidences. All forms of tobacco increase a persons risk of oral cancer. Heavy, regular alcohol consumption is a risk factor for oral cancer. Oral cancer accounts for roughly three percent of all cancers diagnosed annually in the united states, or about 53,000 new cases each year. While the disease may occur in anyone with breast tissue, there are. The risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is greatly increased by 2 factors.
A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps. Top risk factors for oral cancer american dental association. However, patients without obvious risk factors can develop oral cancer and premalignant lesions. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the world. Things that increase your risk for oral cancer include using tobacco and heavy alcohol use. Cancers of the lip, tongue, gingiva, all of the oral. Risk factors oral cancer aetiology is multifactorial and the major risk factors can be categorised as modifiable behavioural and nonmodifiable sociodemographic seetable 1 10, 11. Other risk factors include having inflammatory bowel disease such as. A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. Oral cancer most often occurs in people over the age of 40 and. Risk factors for oral cavity cancer include tobacco, alcohol, betel quid, hpv and precancerous conditions.
Other risk factors include having inflammatory bowel disease such as crohns disease or ulcerative colitis. Tobacco use, including both smoked and smokeless e. Cancer risk factors include exposure to chemicals or other substances, as well as certain behaviors. See the hereditary cancer syndromes section for more information about. There is an explicit evidence establishing tobacco smoking 12 and alcohol drinking as the major risk factors in oral cancer development. The british dental association has adopted a definition of oral cancer largely based on common risk factors. Human papillomavirus hpv has been found to be associated with several kinds of cancer. This paper is an overview of the various etiological agents and risk factors implicated in the development of oral cancer. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, as well as chewing tobacco. Over the past 30 years, a series of authoritative reports issued by the u. Its estimated that 75 to 80 percent of those with oral cancer drink alcohol frequently. Other risk factors are being male, using marijuana, and having hpv infection. Methods a casecontrol study was conducted from april to june 2015 recruiting cases of oral cancer.
The development of oral cancer is a multistep process involving the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. Alcohol and tobacco remain the greatest risk factors and using them in combination increases the risk 15 times. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Oral cancer is a preventable disease, where smoking and alcoholconsidered major risk factorsare present in 90% of cases, having them both a synergic effect. International journal of cancer 2011, volume129, issue 1. The main risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, with these factors accounting for an estimated 90% of all oral cancers. Each year, over 450,000 patients are diagnosed with oc world wide 2. A family history of certain cancers can be a sign of a possible inherited cancer syndrome. Lohe and others published risk factors in oral cancer find, read and cite all the research you need on. They also include things people cannot control, like age and family history.
Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest risk factor for head. For cancers of the lip, exposure over a long period of time to ultraviolet light from the sun or from tanning beds increases risk. Oral squamous cell carcinomas are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and tobacco usage, alcohol consumption, and poor oral hygiene are established risk factors. Discusses how pooled international casecontrolled study data are shedding increasing light not only on the causes of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, but on the impact of avoiding. Smokeless tobacco is strong, independent risk factor for oral cancer development in our study population. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention cancer. In fact, smokers are six times more likely to get an oral cancer than nonsmokers. Carcinoma of oral cavity causative and risk factors.
Alterations in oral bacterial communities are associated with. Despite these limitations, some characteristics of oral cavity cancers may. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors. Alcohol and tobacco remain the greatest risk factors and using them in combination increases the risk 15 times over the use of one or the other. Oct 29, 2019 drinking alcohol raises your risk of getting six kinds of cancer. Your risk of getting colorectal cancer increases as you get older.
A number of molecularbased diagnostic markers have been used to detect the presence of oral cancer with varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Show full abstract oral cancer, risk factors, disease precursor lesions, and health professional of choice for diagnosis. Risk factors for developing oral cancer one of the biggest risk factors for oral cancer is tobacco use. The variables were descriptively analyzed and possible associations. It includes cancer of the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, salivary glands, floor of the mouth, hard and soft.
The most common risk factors for cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, lack of physical activity, or being overweight. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for. Cancers of the oral cavity accounted for over 274,000 cases in 2002. Aug 22, 2019 a persons risk for oral cancer increases the longer he or she smokes. Oral cancer causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment national. Sep 01, 2015 oral cancer is a preventable disease, where smoking and alcoholconsidered major risk factorsare present in 90% of cases, having them both a synergic effect. Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control study. All types of alcoholic drinks are linked with cancer. Studies have consistently shown that using ocs reduces the risk of ovarian cancer see section on ovarian and endometrial cancers. A subtype of head and neck cancers is oral cancer oc. Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged.
Certain genetic syndromes such as fanconi anemia or dyskeratosis congenita carry a high risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The most common risk factors for cancer include aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals and other substances, some. Tobacco in 2007 the iarc concluded that there is quite evidence to establish that snuff smoke is carcinogenic, and for example, it causes cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas 6. Reassessment of risk factors for oral cancer research. Studies have shown that marijuana smoking is not an independent risk factor for oral cancer development. Findings of the 7 million deaths from cancer worldwide in 2001, an estimated 243 million 35% were attributable to nine potentially modi. Oral cancer risk factors and symptoms verywell mind. Despite these limitations, some characteristics of oral cavity cancers may be emphasized. Tobacco and alcohol are the most important risk factors for oral cancer. Nonsmoking tobacco products for example, snuff, dip, spit, chew, or dissolvable tobacco are also associated with an increased risk of oral cancer.
The objective of this casecontrol study was to measure the association of risk factors with oral cancer in pakistan. In this paper, incidence, mortality, risk factors, prevention. With dietary deficiencies, these factors cause more than 90 percent of oral cancers. Risk factors for oral cancer what are the risk factors for. The objective of this casecontrol study was to measure the association of risk factors with oral. Assessment and prevention of behavioural and social risk. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer. This casecontrol study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under. High constant incidence rates of second primary cancers of the head and neck. The term oral cancer oc includes a diverse group of tumors arising from the oral cavity.
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